| DISEASE |
EFFECTS OF DISEASE |
SIDE EFFECTS OF VACCINATION |
VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS* |
| Diphtheria – contagious bacteria spread by droplets; causes severe throat and breathing difficulties. |
About 1 in 15 patients die. The bacteria release a toxin, which can produce nerve paralysis and heart failure. |
DTPa vaccine – about 1 in 10 have local inflammation or fever. Serious adverse events are very rare, and much less common than DTPw. |
|
| Hepatitis B – contagious virus spread mainly by blood, sexual contact or from mother to newborn baby; causes acute hepatitis or chronic carriage. |
About 1 in 3 chronic carriers will develop cirrhosis or liver cancer. |
About 1 in 15 to 1 in 100 have pain and fever. Anaphylaxis occurs in about 1 in 600,000. |
95% |
| Hib – contagious bacteria spread by droplets; causes meningitis, epiglottitis (respiratory obstruction), septicaemia, osteomyelitis. |
About 1 in 20 meningitis patients die and 1 in 4 survivors have permanent brain or nerve damage. About 1 in 100 epiglottitis patients die. |
About 1 in 20 have discomfort or local inflammation. About 1 in 50 have fever. |
Over 95% |
| Influenza – contagious virus spread by droplets; causes fever, muscle and joint pains, pneumonia. |
Causes increased hospitalization in the elderly. High risk groups include the elderly, diabetics, alcoholics, etc. |
About 1 in 10 have local reactions, Guillain-Barre syndrome occurs in about 1 in 1 million. |
60% elderly, 90% healthy young adults |
| Measles – highly infectious virus spread by droplets; causes fever, cough, rash. |
1 in 25 children with measles develop pneumonia and 1 in 2,000 develop encephalitis (brain inflammation). For every 10 children who develop measles encephalitis, 1 dies and up to 4 have permanent brain damage. About 1 in 25,000 develop SSPE (brain degeneration), which is always fatal. |
About 1 in 10 have discomfort, local inflammation and fever. About 1 in 100 develop a rash, which in noninfectious. 1 in 1 million recipients may develop encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). |
95-98% |
| Mumps – contagious virus spread by saliva; causes swollen neck glands, fever. |
1 in 200 children develop encephalitis (brain inflammation). 1 in 5 males past puberty develop inflammation of testicles. Occasionally mumps causes infertility or deafness. |
1 in 100 recipients may develop swelling of the salivary glands. 1 in 3 million recipients develop mild encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). |
95% |
| Pertussis – contagious bacteria spread by droplets; causes whooping cough and vomiting, lasting up to 3 months. |
About 1 in 200 whooping cough patients under the age of 6 months die from pneumonia or brain damage. |
As for DTPa vaccine (see diphtheria). |
85% |
| Polio – contagious virus spread by faeces and saliva; causes fever, headache, vomiting and may progress to paralysis. |
About 1 in 20 hospitalised patients die and 1 in 2 patients who survive are permanently paralysed. |
Less than 1 in 100 recipients develop diarrhoea, headache and/or muscle pains. 1 in 2.5 million recipients or close contacts develop paralysis., |
| Pneumococcus – bacteria spread by droplets; cause fever, pneumonia, septicaemia, meningitis. |
About 1 in 10 meningitis patients die. |
Less than 1 in 20 have pain or local reactions. |
|
| Rubella – contagious virus spread by droplets; causes rash, fever, swollen glands, but causes severe malformations to babies of infected pregnant women. |
About 5 in 10 patients develop a rash and painful swollen glands; 5 in 10 adolescents and adults have painful joints; 1 in 3,000 develop thrombocytopenia (bruising or bleeding); 1 in 6,000 develop inflammation of the brain; 9 in 10 babies infected during the first 10 weeks after conception will have a major congenital abnormality (such as deafness, blindness, brain damage or heart defects). |
About 1 in 10 have discomfort, local inflammation, or fever. About 1 in 20 have swollen glands, stiff neck, or joint pains. About 1 in 100 have a rash, which in noninfectious. Thrombocytopenia (bruising or bleeding) occurs after a first dose of MMR at a rate of 1 in 30,500. |
95% |
| Tetanus – caused by toxin of bacteria in soil; causes painful muscle spasms, convulsions, lockjaw. |
About 1 in 10 patients die. The risk is greatest for the very young or old. |
As for DTPa vaccine (see diphtheria). |
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